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Ultrasonography consists of applying an external probe against the skin or internally near the organ to be explored. This probe emits ultrasounds which pass through the tissue and are returned as an echo. This signal is collected and analysed by a computer system that retransmits an image on a video screen.
The contrast of the image varies according to the nature of the obstacles encountered by the ultrasound and therefore according to the intensity of the echo returned: from tissues with little echogenicity such as simple liquids, to very echogenic tissues such as bones.
The Doppler ultrasound makes it also possible to analyse blood flows in real time.